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The properties and uses of commonly used desiccants are as follows:
1. Concentrated H2SO4: It has strong water absorption and is commonly used to remove water from gases that do not react with H2SO4. For example, it is often used as a desiccant for gases such as H2, O2, CO, SO2, N2, HCl, CH4, CO2, Cl2, etc.
2. Anhydrous calcium chloride: It is widely used due to its low price and strong drying ability. Fast drying speed, capable of regeneration, and dehydration temperature of 473K. Generally used to fill dryers and drying towers, dry pharmaceuticals, and various gases. It cannot be used to dry ammonia, alcohol, amines, acyls, ketones, aldehydes, esters, etc.
3. Anhydrous magnesium sulfate: It has strong drying ability and generates MgSO4.7H2O after absorbing water. It has a rapid water absorption effect, high efficiency, and low price, making it a good desiccant. Commonly used to dry organic reagents.
4. Solid sodium hydroxide and alkali lime: They absorb water quickly, have high efficiency, and are inexpensive. They are excellent desiccants, but cannot be used to dry acidic substances. The party is used to dry gases such as hydrogen, oxygen, ammonia, and methane.
5. Color changing silicone: commonly used to keep instruments and scales dry. After absorbing water, it turns red. The expired silicone can be dried and regenerated before continuing to be used. Can dry amine, NH3, O2, N2, etc.
6. Activated alumina (Al2O3): It has a large water absorption capacity, fast drying speed, and can be regenerated (400-500K baking).
7. Anhydrous sodium sulfate: The drying temperature must be controlled within 30 ℃, and its dryness is worse than anhydrous magnesium sulfate.
8. Calcium sulfate: can dry H2, O2, CO2, CO, N2, Cl2, HCl, H2S, NH3, CH4, etc
As can be seen from the above, the following choices can be made for some gas desiccants.
Gas name Common desiccant Gas name Common desiccant
CO concentrated H2SO4, CaCl2, P2O5H2SCaCl2
CO2CaCl2, concentrated H2SO4, P2O5N2, concentrated H2SO4, CaCl2, P2O5
Cl2CaCl2, concentrated H2SO4NH3CaO, KOH or alkali lime
H2CaCl2, P2O5NOCa (NO3) 2
HBrCaBr2, ZnBr2, O3CaCl2
HClCaCl2, concentrated H2SO4SO2, concentrated H2SO4, CaCl2, P2O5
HICaI2
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